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Recent benefit changes to the TRICARE Dental Program (TDP) reflect additional preventive care recommended for pregnant women. Now the TDP includes three routine cleanings for mothers-to-be in a consecutive 12-month period. The TDP is available to family members of all active duty service members, and to National Guard and Reserve members and their families.
Mothers and pregnant women know that regular exams during pregnancy are necessary to monitor the health and development of the fetus. Most mothers take many precautions to ensure a safe and healthy baby on delivery day. With all of the doctor’s visits that come along with being pregnant, oral health may be overlooked. Poor oral health can negatively affect the overall health of both mother and baby.
“We understand the importance of maintaining good oral health during pregnancy,” said Col. Jeffrey Chaffin, chief of the TRICARE Dental Care Branch. “We are happy that we can offer the additional recommended care for expectant enrollees.”
Any infections affecting the mother, including oral infections, can also affect the fetus. Oral infections can damage the gums and bones surrounding the teeth. During pregnancy, hormonal changes can cause increased inflammation and the chance of infection due to exaggerated sensitivity to plaque and other bacteria in the mouth. Known as pregnancy gingivitis, red, swollen and sometimes bleeding gums are common and occur in almost half of all pregnant women. Left untreated, gingivitis can develop into periodontal disease, an irreversible, severe case of gum disease linked to premature birth.
Snacking between meals can also contribute to increased oral infections. Many pregnant women crave sugary sweets and other snacks between meals. Frequent snacking leaves more debris in the mouth. Harmful bacteria, known as plaque, constantly turn excess sugar and starches into acids that decay tooth enamel. Since pregnant women are more sensitive to plaque, more frequent brushing and flossing after snacking fights plaque and helps prevent tooth decay.
According to studies from the American Academy of Periodontology and the Journal of the American Dental Association, women with periodontal disease are seven times more likely to experience preterm births or deliver babies with low birth weight. The correlation between oral health and low birth weight can partly be attributed to the labor-inducing chemical found in oral bacteria called prostaglandin. High levels of prostaglandin are found in the mouths of pregnant women with severe periodontal disease. Other studies have shown that progressive periodontal disease increases the risk of experiencing a preterm delivery, making treatment essential.
It is best for all dental work to be scheduled before the third trimester. Patients should also share with their dentist information their doctor has given about their changing health. In some cases, a dentist may request to speak with the patient’s regular doctor so that any care or treatments can be coordinated.
Good nutrition is also essential to promote healthy development of the baby. A baby’s teeth begin to develop during the second trimester, normally between 3 and 6 months, and need calcium for healthy development. Expecting mothers should avoid sugar-rich foods that can damage teeth and try to eat a well-balanced diet to ensure they receive sufficient amounts of healthy nutrients like calcium, protein and vitamin C.
“Practicing good oral health habits is important for everyone, but especially expecting mothers because of potential risks that can be posed to their baby,” Col. Chaffin said. “These risks can be easily avoided and I suggest all expectant enrollees take advantage of the care the TDP provides.”
For more information about the TRICARE Dental Program visit www.tricaredentalprogram.com. For more information and resources about oral health and pregnancy visit the American Dental Association, American Academy of Periodontology, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web sites.
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